Depth analysis: how LED lamps make you eat delicious chicken

The "frozen zombie meat" incident in the last period of time is still in mind. Although the freezing time has been proved to be exaggerated, the nonstandard freezing time seems to be a potential rule in the poultry industry. Food safety is really worrying!

LED can grow green and safe vegetables, and if you don't want to eat food and want to eat chicken, is there a way for LED? The answer is affirmative! The great LED can make you eat the delicious chicken wings and chicken wings!

Don't laugh! Please ask me to raise the chicken! Today, talk about Chinese experts on chicken feeding, and say how Americans raise chickens tomorrow.

The effect of light on the physiology of egg laying hens

The effect of light on the changes and regulation of reproductive endocrine of poultry is very significant. Different light intensity and light time have a direct effect on the performance of laying hens. The mechanism of its action can be roughly understood: it is generally believed that birds have two photoreceptors: 1. retina receptors, the eyes, and 2. hypothalamic receptors. Light stimulates the optic nerve to reach the hypothalamus; in addition, light can also act on the pineal body and the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is stimulated by the hypothalamus to secrete gonadotropin releasing hormone, which reaches the anterior pituitary through the pituitary portal system, causing follicular development and ovulation. The developed follicle produces estrogen, which causes the hen's oviduct to develop and maintain its skills, so that the second sex sign of the hen's cockscomb is red and the phalanges open. Estrogen can also promote calcium metabolism, which is beneficial to the formation of eggshells. Ovulatory hormones cause ovulation in hens.

Several factors related to the production of egg laying hens

1, light intensity: the general use of lux to mark, according to the day of the chicken is different, 20-30lux is the standard used in poultry breeding. The light intensity varies greatly in the chicken house because of the number, type and distribution of the light source. Therefore, our experience is to combine the light source, use scientific calculation and professional illuminator to test the height of the light in the chicken house and the distance between them.

2, light time: different growth stages, the requirements of the light are different, and different kinds of chicken, the requirements for light are not the same. In this respect, there are a lot of relevant standards for reference, and there will be no more details here.

3, light color: people have three receptors, so with three color vision, the visible spectrum wavelength of the human eye can be perceived between 400 and 760nm, and the electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths cause the human eye to feel different to the light color, and the range of the visible light wave of the chicken is not the same as that of the visible light wave recognized by the human eye. Birds are four color visual animals. Their four cone cells allow them to see red and blue and ultraviolet light. The different light color perception also forms the different feedback of the laying hens. In 1986, the American scholar MarcO.North compiled a chart in which he pointed out the effects of these colors on a certain performance and characteristics of poultry.

4, strobe: strobe is the depth of the light flow of the light source, the greater the depth of the wave, the more serious the stroboscopic, and the direct relation to the technical quality of the electric light source. The electronic rectifier is not good and the voltage fluctuation is unstable; the light tube aging and the frequency instability of the power grid may cause the flicker of the lamp, and the stroboscopic effect is serious. The human eye can not distinguish the less obvious stroboscopic phenomena, and there are reliable data showing that the chicken can see the stroboscopic phenomena of different light sources, and the stroboscopic phenomenon can affect the behavior of the chicken. Therefore, if there is a stroboscopic, it can be used as one of the criteria for judging whether a light source is healthy and harmless.

What kind of light is used to reproduce the artificial light in the laying hens

With the improvement of the scale and intensification of the domestic laying hens, a large number of closed chicken houses have appeared, and they have blocked the interworking between the house and the outside environment to the maximum extent, but also put forward higher requirements for the building of "small environment" in the chicken house. Accurate control, a set of uniform distribution, reasonable illumination, accurate control of artificial light system is also essential.

As far as it is concerned, the artificial light is almost all realized by lighting, and there are several kinds of lamps we use: incandescent lamp, halogen lamp, energy saving lamp, cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL), LED (light emitting diode).

Incandescent lamp

The working principle of the incandescent lamp is to heat the filament into incandescent state and make visible light by heat radiation. It has the advantages of cheap price, high versatility, fast start, and good color display. Its spectrum is continuous and uniform and has excellent color performance. Therefore, incandescent lamps are widely used in livestock and poultry lighting in the early days.

But the incandescent lamp, because the filament temperature is very high, most of the energy is wasted in the form of infrared radiation, so the energy conversion efficiency is very low, only about 2% of the power consumption can be converted to light energy; at the same time, the temperature of the filament is very high, and the evaporation is very fast, so the life span is shortened, and the life is usually in 1000. The light effect is about 12 (Lm) per watt per watt.

At present, in the global efforts to promote energy conservation and emission reduction, and actively respond to climate change, many countries have introduced the elimination of incandescent lamp roadmap to speed up the elimination of inefficient lighting products. China has also begun to implement green lighting projects in 1996 to promote further energy conservation and emission reduction. So the incandescent lamp has gradually faded out of the scope of daily life and production.

Halogen lamp

The halogen lamp is a variant of the incandescent lamp, which greatly prolongs the service life of the hot compress light source. But because the light is usually used for concentrated irradiation, and the price is higher than the ordinary incandescent lamp, it is not used much in the livestock and poultry farm.

Energy saving lamp

It refers to the combination of fluorescent lamps and ballasts (stabilizers) into a whole lighting device. Its working temperature is lower than the incandescent lamp, so its life is greatly increased to more than 8000 hours, and its light efficiency reaches 60 (LM) lumen per watt. Compared with the ordinary incandescent lamp, the price is less than 80%, and the energy consumption is more than the incandescent lamp Festival. So the lamp was used in a large number of home farms and semi open chicken houses.

The life of the energy saving lamp is composed of two parts: the life of the lamp tube and the life of the electronic ballast. Too many design links, if the process control is not good, the quality management is short, the product quality will have a great difference, especially in the rural market at present, a large number of low-grade and low-end energy-saving lamps are full, and the consumer's recognition of the product is limited, so it is common for a lot of farm managers. Energy saving lamps do not meet their needs.

Cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL)

The fluorescent tube of a cold cathode fluorescent lamp is the main body of its luminescence. Its principle is to use the electric field to control the change in the potential energy of the electrons in the electrode and make the electrons run out of the electrode to mercury (and also use xenon) to excite mercury to release ultraviolet light, which is irradiated to the fluorite coated in the inside of the glass tube. See the light.

Compared with ordinary light bulb and hot cathode fluorescent lamp, the cold cathode needs no heating, no filament, fast lighting, and frequent switching, and the service life is greatly improved, usually up to 15000-30000 hours. With the development of the cold cathode, with the development of technology, it is widely used in the field of neon light and LCD backlight in 2005. The CCFL lamps for livestock and poultry breeding are also gradually recognized and accepted by domestic breeding sites around 2010. Because of its low energy consumption (7-13w), light intensity adjustable (0-100% regulation range), no stroboscopic (3000HZ/s high frequency) and other characteristics, especially in the light time and light intensity requirements of the very high layer of egg breeding farms have been promoted.

LED light (light emitting diode)

LED is a solid-state semiconductor device that converts electrical energy into visible light. It can convert electricity directly into light.

LED has the lowest energy consumption in the current examples of several lamps, about 10% of the incandescent lamp and 25% of the energy saving lamps. Because of solid-state packaging and as a cold light source, it is not used to consider heat dissipation in micro and closed devices. Compared with energy saving lamps and fluorescent lamps, LED does not contain mercury and is more environmentally friendly; it is an internationally recognized health lighting because it works under DC low voltage and does not have electromagnetic radiation. Similar to CCFL, because the LED light source has no filament and longer life, the service life of high quality LED can reach 50 thousand to 100 thousand hours.

Through the comparison of the above tables, it can be seen that both the color and color temperature of CCFL and LED are better than those of the traditional light source, especially the higher the electric power frequency of the discharge luminescence, the smaller the stroboscopic effect and the more stable luminescence, reducing the fatigue of the chickens and ensuring the normal growth and development.

Although currently on the market, CCFL and LED lights are higher than ordinary incandescent and energy-saving lamps, but their longer life and energy savings are sufficient to support the initial purchase price difference.

In the breeding process of different kinds of poultry, CCFL and LED can provide different choices of cold and warm light and color. If they can combine the two light sources with low energy consumption, small size, adapt to frequent lighting, and adjust the brightness according to the different breeding stages, it can be connected to the precise control system, which is undoubtedly for the closure of the modern laying hens. The light control of the chicken house provides a good choice.

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