The advantage and application of LED in poultry in

High efficiency LED light source narrowband emission makes lighting technology has important value in the application in life science. In this paper, how to introduce KEN MARRIN in poultry breeding using solid-state lighting applications, in order to reduce electricity and improve the yield.

Experts predict that by 2030, global food demand will be doubled. In order to meet this demand, food producers are adopting new technology, with low production costs, while reducing the pressure on the environment. These are mostly concentrated on the traditional production technology to strengthen the investment, such as water, air, nutrients and space etc.. However, production inputs did not develop light is a great extent.

Through the use of LED lighting, the use of poultry, pigs, cows, fish or crustaceans unique spectrum demand, farmers can reduce the pressure and poultry mortality, regulation of circadian rhythm, a substantial increase in eggs, meat and other sources of protein yield, while significantly reducing energy use and other input costs.

Solid state lighting (SSL) niche applications include agricultural special lighting, such applications can generate huge revenue potential. PHILPS and OSRAM and other major manufacturers have been developed for the spectrum of the agricultural and horticultural industry adjustable LED lamp, in addition to some small businesses, such as Once Innovations and NextGen Illumination to produce LED lights for poultry market.

The incandescent lamp of many livestock farmers still in the barn in the use of 60W, 80W and 100W. These lights are very suitable for the human environment, but the incandescent lamp and the sun is not the same, for humans, the best light is not necessarily suitable for other animal. Spectra with incandescent lamp daylight are obviously different. The sun is the combination of all colors.

Figure 1. fluorescent spectra of (a) and sunset spectrum (b)

Figure 1A shows the number of each color in daylight at noon. At this time of the day, blue and green more than red light. Figure 1b shows the end of the day the sun in the number of colors. At this time, the red green and blue light more than.

Comparison of incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp, high pressure sodium lamp, LED

The barn lighting system of modern spectrum trying to imitate the sun, trying to provide a continuous spectrum, contains all the colors, without gap. The incandescent lamp (Figure 2a) can effectively simulate the sunset sunlight, produce a continuous spectrum, red, green, blue, only a little bit. However, the spectra did not simulate the midday sun. Some manufacturers to coating on the light bulb to change the spectrum, but this method can produce a continuous spectrum. In addition, the efficiency of incandescent lamp is very low, often burn out and need to light moisture level. Of course, the incandescent lamp will soon be banned production.

Figure 2. incandescent lamp spectrum (a) spectrum and energy saving lamps (b)

Compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) has good efficiency and generate white light, but the light output is designed according to human vision. By generating and combining red, green and blue of the narrow white. Therefore, there is a big gap between the spectra of red, blue and green peak, and in the light of the sun in many red, blue and green wavelengths will lose (Figure 2B). Blue light is especially weak, much deeper red are lost. In general, the compact fluorescent lamp in imitation of natural light has done very bad, it is difficult to clean (curly shape), containing a small amount of toxic mercury, the need for a waterproof shell, is also not a good color.

High pressure sodium (HPS) has excellent efficiency and high light output, chromatography in red and yellow in the strongest, giving the bulb unique orange or amber. However, as with many energy-saving lamps, especially lack of chromatography, green and blue. In addition, high pressure sodium lamp is also very difficult to darken, preheating is slow, the need for ballast operation, the upfront cost is high, and may contain sodium and / or mercury.

LED is an agricultural scheme in the most efficient and environmentally friendly lighting products, the blue LED with red and green phosphors, produce white light. Close to the continuous spectrum (Figure 3), blue is very strong, but there are plenty of green and red. Although not entirely daylight, but from a human point of view, LED spectroscopy provides approximate sunlight, like no other technology that has the spectral gap. In addition, they also have the longest service life (up to 10 years, all-weather operation), durable, not easily affected by vibration, and allows the color shift and color control. LED has higher upfront costs, but these costs by saving energy can be recycled, thereby to minimize the total cost of ownership.

White LED spectra of 3. standard

Application of LED in poultry in

The biggest advantage of LED is to provide a customized adjustable spectrum. The spectral sensitivity of animal is different from human, so the spectrum. By optimizing the radiation spectrum, and the modulation of the barn, farmers can create a good lighting environment for livestock, livestock have good mood, so as to promote its growth, while minimizing the energy expenditure and feed.

Poultry is four. As with humans, poultry on green at 550nm with peak sensitivity. But they have red, blue and ultraviolet (UV) sensitivity is high. But the most significant difference between humans and poultry poultry may be the ability to visually perceive ultra violet (peak at 385nm).

There are obvious physiological effects of each color of poultry. For example, can enhance the proliferation of skeletal muscle satellite cells by green light, increase the rate of growth in the early time. Blue light by elevating the plasma androgens increase at a later age growth. Narrow-band blue light reduced movement, but also reduces the rate of cannibalism. The green and blue light can promote the growth of muscle fiber. Overall, Blu ray has been shown to be the feed conversion rate increased by 4%, which will reduce the cost per pound of 3%, and the overall live weight increased by 5%.

Red light can increase the growth rate of chicken in the feeding period begins, increase the amount of exercise of the chicken, thereby minimizing leg disease. Red light can also reduce each egg production and feed consumption, and the output of eggs in size, no difference in weight, eggshell thickness, egg yolk weight and albumin. Overall, the red light has been shown to prolong the peak yield of egg production per hen can raise 38 eggs, and consumption will be reduced by 20%.

Standards and subsidies

Although LED has many advantages, but the initial investment cost. Part of the reason is due to the lack of performance standards for agricultural lighting industry, makes the purchase of agricultural lighting LED difficult for consumers like incandescent and compact fluorescent lamps that access to energy subsidies.

Thankfully, the standard is being developed, will set the key performance criteria, such as durability, performance, reliability and safety, at present there are a number of companies have expressed interest in joining the formulation of standards. (compiled: LED James)

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