A review of the research and development program for solid state lighting (Chart)

Of solid-state lighting (Solid-State Lighting SSL) technology has become one of the new technology of global hot spots, caused great concern in the developed countries in the world. Today, sales of lighting products in the United States each year is about $13 billion, of which about $2 billion 450 million is the lamp sales, the remaining part of the fixed equipment, components and related design and maintenance costs. High brightness LED in solid state lighting is considered to be the closest to ordinary lighting solutions technology, its global business volume of $3 billion 700 million, an annual growth rate of over 46% since 1995. Of these revenues in the high brightness LED, about 7% (or $271 million) is the income of lighting applications. U.S. Department of energy (DOE) solid-state lighting research and development support for maintaining the position of the United States provides opportunities ahead in the technology world, and enable the United States to have independent intellectual property rights, and provide high added value for American jobs and high economic growth rate. Solid state lighting research and development investment to help solve the future energy supply in the United States, to maintain a leading position in product technology, systems and services. The primary task of the U.S. Department of energy is to enhance national security, economic and energy, promote scientific and technological innovation. The investment in the solid state lighting project is focused on the research, development and testing of public-private partnerships. The task of the government is to invest in the early stage of development, high risk and pre competition stage (pre-competitive). Most of the current plan is all solid state lighting technology research and development applications, the nation and the public may obtain significant benefits from it, but if a private research institutions alone, these institutions will bear a high risk and long period of research and development activities. As the progress of the solid state lighting research activities is to verify the technical objectives through the stage of development, so that the government will be part of the cost will be reduced. The role of the government is to provide new technology for solid state lighting for private sector to achieve the integration of buildings, and to decide how to better commercialize technology. The 2008 - 2013 fiscal years of solid state lighting project plan is relatively flexible, can be adjusted and updated according to the progress of new analysis and research priorities. Study on, two research projects and funding sources solid-state lighting project is divided into four topics, namely: inorganic solid state lighting core technology research, inorganic solid state lighting product development, research on core technology of organic solid-state lighting and organic solid-state lighting product development. Each subject is divided into several sub topics, each sub project contains a number of projects. Figure 1 is 2003 in fiscal year 2006 the United States Congress on solid state lighting project funding support and funding for fiscal year 2007. Project funding increased from $2003 in fiscal year 12 million 700 thousand to $2005 in fiscal year 3 million. 2006 fiscal year (beginning in October 2005) funding of $13 million, the U.S. Congress for solid-state lighting research and development increased by $5 million. 2007 fiscal year funding for $19 million 300 thousand. At the U.S. Department of energy solid lighting project a total of more than and 60 sub projects (excluding the completed project), which not only have a long-term project and short-term projects, participating institutions including kinds of enterprises and universities. In 2006 there were 64 research projects, 36 projects for the LED, and the other 28 for the OLED project. Over the past 3 years, government and corporate investment in the project totaled more than $91 million 800 thousand (including LED and OLED projects), as shown in figure 2. The U.S. Department of energy for $71 million 900 thousand, the remaining $19 million 900 thousand for other projects undertaken by the agency's funds. U.S. Department of energy to support large enterprises, small and medium enterprises, academic institutions and national laboratories in solid state lighting R & D project. Figure 3 is the funding of various projects to participate in the acquisition of partners. The large enterprises to obtain funds of $27 million 900 thousand, accounted for total project cost of 31% small and medium-sized enterprises; $26 million 900 thousand for projects with a total budget of 29%; access to academic institutions and national laboratories funds were $19 million 700 thousand and $17 million 300 thousand, respectively% of the total project budget of 21% and 19%. The number of projects and funds distribution Tables 1 and 2 respectively, each sub project is the core of solid-state lighting technology and product development of (as of November 2006). Three, technology research and development plan of 1 technology of the current situation and to improve the field in this program, the performance improvement will be without significantly reducing efficiency, low manufacturing temperature (CCT) and color index (CRI) high light source. To achieve the goal of the plan requires more efficient light-emitting devices (especially in the spectral range of green light). Table 3 shows the efficiency of the current components of the LED and OLED light sources and the ultimate goal. Among them, the LED light source is assumed to be color temperature 4100K (equivalent to the cold white fluorescent lamp), the color rendering index is at least 80, the OLED light source assumes the color temperature 2700-4100K, the color rendering index is 80, the brightness is 1000cd/m2. (1) LED source typical white LED light source according to the realization of its white light can be roughly divided into mixed color LED light source and light source phosphorus conversion LED. For mixed color LED light source, the total efficiency of the drive efficiency, the efficiency of the device, LED lamps and optical efficiency of three parts, which include: LED device efficiency of electro-optical conversion efficiency, external quantum efficiency (by internal quantum efficiency and photon extraction efficiency, composition) thermal efficiency and color mixing efficiency. There is a lot of room for improvement of the relevant parameters of the LED device in the light source