Five factors affecting the urban lighting design (three)

Introduction: as a city lighting designers, whether it is the overall planning and design of city lighting, lighting or regional planning, or design a lane street, must consider the city's overall planning and natural environment, cultural characteristics, economic development level and other factors first.

Four, the technical level of lighting equipment

Since the reform and opening up, China's lighting technology from the light source, lighting appliances to lighting engineering design has undergone great changes. From the light source of a single incandescent lamp and straight tube fluorescent lamp, the development of halogen tungsten lamp, fluorescent high pressure mercury lamp, high pressure sodium lamp, metal halide lamp, compact fluorescent lamp, electrodeless lamp, LED lamp, etc.. In the lighting equipment, the development of lamps is relatively slow, in a long time, the important role of lamps are often overlooked. In the past 20 years, with the rapid development of new light sources, new lamps are also emerging:

(1) with the need of the new light source, we have developed a set of lamps, such as high pressure sodium lamp, metal halide lamp.

(2) a qualitative leap in the manufacture of materials and processes. Such as using high quality high purity aluminum reflector do processing surface coating light advanced, surface reflectivity can be as high as 88% to 92%; the lamp cover with diffuse prism shaped plastic plate, white antistatic acrylic resin board and other materials, high transmittance, dustproof and anti ageing properties.

(3) lamps, reasonable design and advanced design method, according to the state space, use environment conditions and requirements, determine the distribution of light type lamps, using computer aided design to determine the reflector shape, achieve high efficiency lamps.

(4) after lighting the quality supervision and inspection center of the authority of the test, the performance of the lamp lighting parameters meet the standard, a set of practical lighting that includes a light distribution curve, using the coefficient table, used for lighting engineering design.

Since 50s, the emergence of new light sources, mostly using inductive ballast. Inductance ballast stable, good quality, low price, more popular. But there are also many shortcomings:

(1) large power loss;

(2) prone to noise;

(3) severe stroboscopic effect is detrimental to vision;

(4) copper and silicon steel sheet material loss, weight;

(5) long term use, it is possible that the temperature is too high to cause a fire;

With the development of the advanced electronic ballast, the electronic ballast has reached the international advanced level after 10 years of efforts. It has many advantages over inductance ballasts:

(1) the energy saving effect is good, and can save electricity from 20% to 25% under the same luminous flux output;

(2) the lamp is working at the frequency of 20 to 50kHz, which eliminates the stroboscopic effect, and the luminous stability is good;

(3) eliminating the noise;

(4) the effect of power supply voltage offset and fluctuation on the flux is reduced;

(5) the dimming of the fluorescent lamp can be realized.

With the development of city lighting, high-tech and high-tech lighting equipment widely used in city lighting project started, such as laser, computer, lighting lamp, searchlight aerial ball lighting system, light emitting diode light electrodeless fluorescent lamp, etc., is widely used in city lighting engineering, not only received general lighting methods to achieve the lighting effect, but also make the city lighting technology level increased significantly. To sum up, with the technical level of city lighting equipment increasing, lighting designers in the lighting design when the choice is greatly increased, and new technologies continue to emerge, will play an important effect on city lighting design.

Five, the feasibility of the program factors

The design of each project has its own regularity, and the development rule of this thing will go a lot of detours or fail to achieve the desired results. The same is true of the lighting design, which is an organic combination of light and art, is a clever arrangement of lighting and the original elements of the landscape, including rational and perceptual perspectives. The feasibility of the scheme mainly includes three aspects: the investor, the designer and the intention of the lighting designer.

Lighting lighting design to some extent different from other designs, the impact of investment is very large, to meet the functional requirements is the most basic. How to meet the functional requirements of the premise that night landscape lighting is more beautiful, will be affected by the scale of investment, and with the continuous development of high and new technology in recent years, is the practical application of investment in lighting lighting is more important.

Lighting designers should fully understand the lighting object properties, function, environment, viewpoint, appearance, style, especially to understand the lighting designer's creativity, design, to the performance of the content, the lighting design drawings etc.. For different properties of the object, lighting designers how to use light, light, color, to achieve what purpose, what effect, the difference is great. Location lighting environment, namely spatial relations, must be coordinated with the environment in determining the brightness, to light was just perfect, not more bright and better, to overcome the mutual psychological comparisons, avoid only emphasize the lighting object, without considering the optical environment. The point of view of the location, is in the analysis of several viewpoints may watch lighting lighting (far and near, high and low, around four directions) on the basis of setting out the main viewpoint and the best view, and based on this, the overall effect of the idea of lighting and specific scheme. Many cities have their own unique form of lighting has become a landmark of the city, they are very strong in the recognition of the deep in the memory of people. As a lighting designer, in the shape of the light, no matter what lighting method must respect and based on the unique form of it, not only express it in light of the existence of language, but also in the hearts of the people in the night to establish it in the daytime enjoyed iconic status: if the lighting method is improper, distorted objects and lighting the form, they will be evaluated as "failure". At the same time, lighting to reflect the style of the landscape, there is no style can not talk about personality, not to mention the taste. Some lighting has a strong ethnic style, some modern, some for the modern style, some are very local features, and these are often in the form of lighting style and appearance through a variety of design techniques fully displayed; with lighting object style, take the lighting methods and techniques are not the same.

The site environment includes the brightness of the background of the lighting object, the situation of the local night lighting, the local people's preference for the color, the custom and the power supply.

Of course, there are many factors affecting the city lighting design, such as the level of economic development, cultural ideas and so on, as long as the city lighting design as much as possible before the various factors considered comprehensively, will make city lighting design scheme to provide a reliable basis, and ultimately achieve the ideal effect of City lighting.