Five phenomena and hazard analysis of light pollution in urban landscape lighting (part five)

With the development of city construction and the progress of science and technology, architecture and interior decoration in the daily life of the mirror, tiles and white walls increasing, close reading and writing book paper use more and more smooth, people almost put themselves in a "strong weak color" and "artificial visual environment". According to the determination of Science: the light reflection coefficient is generally 69 to 80% white walls, light reflectance mirror glass is 82 - 88%, the light reflection coefficient of smooth white wall and white book of the paper is as high as 90%, than grassland, forest or hair surface decoration surface is about 10 times higher, this value greatly more than the human body can withstand the range, constitute the modern new pollution source. The results show that the noise pollution can cause damage to the cornea and iris of the human eye, inhibit the function of the retina photoreceptor cells, and cause visual fatigue and visual decline.

Excessive lighting is mainly caused by the use of meaningless waste of energy. The United States is equivalent to 2 million barrels of oil a day because of "excessive lighting"! A strong light source affects the rest of the day, and the lights at night make it difficult to fall asleep.

Different kinds of light sources are mixed together, which seriously affect the passive receivers. And could lead to a car accident. Even more frightening is that the pilots of the night flight, the need to spend energy in these various kinds of light to find and identify the aviation signal light. The strong light in the darkness can also cause the pedestrians or drivers to be short of visual loss, which can lead to traffic accidents. And, in the case of improper protection, the glare will hurt people's vision. Man's day will seriously affect the work of astronomers, and the destruction of the ecological environment.

In short, light pollution will lead to energy waste, and the physical and mental health. In addition, excessive light pollution, will seriously damage the ecological environment, and traffic safety, aerospace science research will also have a negative impact.

Control of light pollution in urban nightscape

Countries concerned about the degree of light pollution is different, the legal constraints are also very different. In many countries in Europe and America, there has been a period of prosperity of urban lighting, after the light was aware of the hazards, to accept a profound lesson. In Europe and the United States and Japan, the issue of light pollution has attracted people's attention, the United States has also set up the international dark sky Association, specializing in the fight against light pollution. Due to the lack of professional designers, a lot of night lighting project is not only energy saving, but also very dazzling, easy to make people tired, and international standards have a certain gap.

Night lighting, beautify the city nightlife at the same time, city managers should coordinate based on the ecological environment in city planning, on billboards and neon lights should be controlled and scientific management in the surrounding buildings and places of entertainment, to plant more trees, flowers and grass and increase the water, so as to improve the light environment, pay attention to to reduce the high power strong light source, we strive to make the city style of natural harmony, so that people can live in a quiet, comfortable, safe, pollution-free, beautiful environment.

The use of lamps to suppress discomfort glare is one of the important initiatives to create a comfortable high quality environment. Lamps with glare protection function shall be selected. The use of advanced optical and lighting principles to optimize the design, so that soft light, uniform illumination, no ghosting, no glare, can effectively avoid discomfort and fatigue.

In order to educate people to use the light scientifically and rationally, the light source should be chosen reasonably. Prevention and control of light pollution, is a social system engineering, need to play the relevant departments to formulate the necessary laws and regulations, to take appropriate protective measures. Government restraint behavior and detection.