Standard, standardization and standardized management system in China

Standard, standardization and standardization management system in China

(1) standards and standardization

1 standard

A normative document for the best order in a certain range, agreed upon by consensus and approved by a public body, used jointly and reused. From GB/T20000.1].

2 standardization

"The activities of the common use and reuse of the actual or potential problems in order to obtain the best order within a certain range. [quote from GB/T20000.1].

It can be seen that the combination of a number of provisions constitute a normative document, if these normative documents in line with the corresponding procedures, after the approval of the recognized body, it becomes a standard. The standard includes standard establishment, publishing, publicizing, implementation and supervision, which is a series of activities, standardization.

3 technical standards

Standards for the harmonization of technical matters in the field of standardization. From GB/T20000.1]

Note 1: generally around the "object" technical requirements, test process requirements and other aspects of the standard. Such as: product standards, technical standards, technical standards, procurement tooling standards, raw materials and semi-finished products, standard parts and devices standard, inspection and testing standards, technical standards for safety and environmental protection technology standards.

(two) the standardized management system in China

1 China's legal system of standardization

Is mainly composed of the following parts: the legal "People's Republic of China standardization law", "administrative regulations local laws and regulations" the implementation of People's Republic of China standardization method, such as the "Shanghai standard regulations" etc.. Departmental rules, such as the adoption of international standards management approach, "forestry standardization management approach", etc.. Local government regulations, such as the "Guangdong province standardized supervision and management measures", etc..

2 standardized management system in China

Standardization system, the standard system from the standard level and the standard nature of the two aspects of the provisions.

Standard level

In China, the standard is divided into national standards, industry standards, local standards and enterprise standards four.

National standard

Standards adopted and published by the national standards agency. From GB/T20000.1]

Note 1: national standards are of great significance for the national economy and technological development, the need for a unified national standards. National standards are divided into mandatory standards (code GB) and recommended standards (code GB/T). National standardization technical guidance document (GB/Z) is a supplement to the national standard, generally refers to the technology is still in development, technical report or by the international standards organization (TR), technical specification (TS) and publicly available specification (PAS) etc..

Note 2: national standards are applicable nationwide, and other standards at all levels shall not contravene national standards. Once the national standard has been issued, the industry standards and local standards shall be abolished accordingly, and the national standard is the main body of the four standard system.

Industry standard

A standard adopted and published by an organization of the state. From GB/T20000.1]

In our country, the industry standard is the standard that does not have the national standard, but needs to unify the technical requirement in a certain industry scope of the whole country.

Note 1: according to the standard method, to be determined by the competent administrative department of national standard in the industry standard in our country, at present our country has more than and 60 industry departments determined by the national light industry standard, such as the representative of QB, see Table 1 for specific departments; because of reasons, the industry standard code will increase or decrease, should pay attention to the change.

Note 2: industry standards are generally divided into mandatory and recommended category two.

Note 3: the industry organization in the industrial developed countries usually refers to the trade association, its standard is generally in the form of association standards.

Note 4: the development of industry standards shall not contravene national standards, the implementation of national standards, the corresponding industry standards will be abolished. The relevant industry standards should be coordinated, unified, shall not be repeated.

Local standard

In a certain area of the country through and publicly issued standards. From GB/T20000.1]

Note 1: in our country, under normal circumstances, local standards for the absence of national standards or industry standards, and the need for a unified technical requirements in the region set standards. In accordance with the law of standardization, under normal circumstances, the introduction of the relevant national standards or industry standards, then the local standards of their own.

Note 2: China's local standards are generally issued by provincial, autonomous region and municipality directly under the central government. Code named DB+ area number.

Note 3: local standards are divided into mandatory and recommended standards. It should be noted that the new standardization law has been submitted to the draft once implemented, the local mandatory standards approved by the local government issued.

Note 4: in the standard system of our country to set up local standards, mainly considering China's vast territory, natural conditions, resource conditions and living habits are different, technology, economic development is not balanced. The advance of local standards can lay a good foundation for the development of national standards and industry standards, create conditions.

Enterprise standard

The standards of the enterprise and the standards that the enterprise needs to coordinate and unify the technical requirements, management requirements and work requirements. From GB/T20000.1]

Enterprise standards generally include three categories, namely, technical standards, management standards, work standards.

Note 1: if the products produced by the enterprise do not have any national or trade standards, the enterprise standards shall be formulated as the basis for the production of the products. Enterprise standards shall be reported to the local administrative departments of standardization and the relevant administrative departments for the record, only to have the qualifications of legal standards, but also one of the basic conditions for the formation of legitimate production.

Note 2: when the national standards, industry standards and local standards, the State encourages enterprises without violating the relevant mandatory standards, formulated to meet customer requirements and market demand, and strict national standards, industry standards and local standards of enterprise standards in the enterprise application. The product standards of the enterprise shall be reported to the local administrative department in charge of standardization and the relevant administrative department for archival purposes once they are marked on the packaging or logo or make a civil agreement with the customer.

Note 3: enterprise standards are formulated by the enterprise, most of them are in the form of internal control standards, is the internal management of enterprises to carry out effective management and technical work of internal regulations, with the force.

Union standard

The criteria for the formulation, adoption and publication of the alliance, in the form of a cooperative or joint agreement.

Note 1: the alliance standard belongs to the category of enterprise standard. The new standardization law has the orientation to the alliance standard, the alliance may be the enterprise organization, also may be the association, the enterprise and the government and so on.

Note 2: Alliance standards are generally reflected in two areas: high technology and traditional areas. The field of new and high technology with unique technology, core technology, patent Sharing Alliance, making alliance standards in order to seize the market dominance, such as IGRS, Guangdong LED lighting standard optical component technical specification (referred to as: LED standard optical components; commonly known as: ant standard). Traditional areas in order to improve the internal control indicators, strict national standards, to enhance the quality of the purpose, such as Zhongshan mahogany furniture, Nanhai Yanbu underwear.

Note 3: Union standards after the local standardization department for the statutory standards.

Note 4: the definition of the Union standard is quoted as follows: Liu Jie's "standard is a good thing to rise password" sixty-third.

The introduction of local standards established for national standards laid a good foundation, where the standard is an important part of the national standards system, as a part of the future strategic layout, should encourage the strength of the local and the ability of the standard organization and coordination to promote the semiconductor lighting standardization work, actively establish local standards, in order to drive to enhance the level of national standards. It is worth mentioning that in February this year, the National Standardization Management Committee has approved the establishment of the national comprehensive standards of semiconductor lighting demonstration zone "in Guangdong, LED Guangdong" ant standard "to accelerate the formation, and eventually rose opened Easy Access as the national standard.

Standard properties

At present, China is the coexistence of mandatory standards and recommended standards.

Mandatory standards

According to the standardization law, the mandatory standard is defined as: the legal attribute, in a certain range through the laws, administrative regulations and other mandatory means to implement the standard.

Note 1: mandatory standards are divided into compulsory and compulsory articles.

Note 2: in accordance with the relevant state laws and regulations, national standards, industry standards and local standards are divided into mandatory standards and recommended standards.

Note 3: General involving national security, personal and property safety, environmental pollution elimination, environmental quality, production safety, labor occupation safety, public safety, animal and plant quarantine, food hygiene standards, in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations are mandatory standards.

Note 4: mandatory standards must be implemented and are not allowed to be violated in any way or manner. Does not meet the mandatory standards of products, prohibit the production, sale and import. For violations of mandatory standards of the industry, the state will investigate the legal responsibility of the parties.

Recommended standard

In accordance with the standardization law, the definition of recommended standards for: in addition to the mandatory standards are recommended standards, non mandatory standards, the State encourages enterprises to adopt voluntary standards. Usually refers to the production, exchange, use, etc., through economic means or market regulation and the voluntary use of a class of standards.

Note 1: recommended standards, not mandatory, any unit has the right to decide whether to use.

Note 2: violation of the recommended standards does not constitute an economic or legal liability. It should be noted that the recommended standard was accepted and adopted, or the parties agreed on in the contract of commodity economy, has become the technical basis for the parties must comply with the common, legally binding, must strictly comply with.

Note 3: an enterprise must specify the recommended standards for the packaging or product identification.

Standard revision

The generation of a standard, not a simple process, to go through repeated, need to experience a number of links to form. With the revision of national standard as an example, you need to step seven (standard project, drafting, consultation, review, and review, approval and publication number) generally takes two to three years, periodic review of each standard is generally not more than 5 years.