Division of technology to Yi Yi: look at how the Japanese lighting designer is designed

Japan established the lighting designer career around 1970s, but lighting designers became freelancers and began to emerge in large numbers in 10 years after the year of 80s. Japan is now lighting designers own business probably has more than 100, they undertake the lighting design basically have been entrusted, the basic plan, basic design, design and implementation of supervision and management, and the main process of filing records.

70% of the lighting design is determined by the basic design

Most of the Japanese lighting designers work with architects and interior designers, so they want to participate actively in the early stages of architectural design and basic design. From the acceptance of lighting design commissioned, we must first listen to the customer's outline of the lighting space, customers can be architects, architectural design firms, residential companies, residential developers, etc..

Different and different, this is because some customers directly commissioned, and some are through the architectural design firm, or through the lighting manufacturers and other intermediaries to get lighting design work. The following is a Japanese lighting designers in the calculation of design costs often used formula.

Design fee (excluding cost) = (salary + capital) * benefit

If the wage is 1 of the case, the funds are set to 1, the benefits set at 1.25.

After reviewing the design contract, the lighting designer will also be able to understand the architecture and interior design from the floor plan, the profile, the expansion plan, the furniture configuration plan and so on. If the drawing is not easy to understand the situation of space, to the same situation of the construction unit, or communicate with the customer personally. With the lighting effect of the image is clear, in order to achieve this effect and the selection, layout, lighting, etc.. In this way, the basic design is basically completed.

Then visualize the image of light. The expression of light scattering and light intensity of the expansion plan or plan, lighting photos, computer simulation map, light model technology, the lighting effect caused by the customer in advance the vision, as far as possible to make it easy for customers to understand. Of course, both of these methods involve time and cost issues.

In order to save the design cost as much as possible, the lighting effect is usually selected by using the image effect of the reference photo. In other words, the lamps and lanterns are arranged according to the arrangement of the lamps and lanterns. The content in paste thick paper called the lighting board, commonly used in prefabricated residential lighting.

If this operation is skilled, it is said that the production of 1 residential lighting board takes only half a day. However, this method can not be used to obtain the final lighting effect. Because even if it is not the main space here, but also as far as possible in the plane and spread out on the map to describe the light scattering, not only the appearance of the lamp, but also to study the lighting effect of the strict attitude of the design.

Residential can also use 3 dimensional computer graphics to show the relationship between color and lighting effects. Using computer graphics to change the point of view, in addition to simulate the size and installation position, but also to change the color and furniture and other changes in the room, a glance. In addition, by adjusting the illumination distribution and adjusting the light source, the lighting atmosphere can be obtained to some extent. Light is the medium of the 3 dimension. Computer graphics is the use of 3 dimensional description, after all, is also a flat screen image. Therefore, as a more realistic lighting design program is the light model. The model used in the building and the interior model uses a light source and an optical fiber lamp to improve the effect of the light and the atmosphere. The scale of the model varies with the type and scale of the building, generally in the range of 1/20 ~ 1/100. Make the ceiling and walls with styrene in addition, making light wood, paper, cloth, thick polystyrene foam for furniture and interior decoration materials. It can also be used as a light source as a light source in the shops that operate special lamps and working lamps.

Residential main rooms with 1/ 20 ~ 1/ scale is more appropriate for the. The lamp can be connected in series with 20 lamps, and can also be connected in series with 8 or 12 lamps. In addition, the height and length of more than 100 m of buildings above the scale of 1/100, even if the use of small lights on the model is too large, so often use the optical fiber lamp diameter of 0.5 ~ 1 mm. If the scale is 1/ 20, and the use of ultra small lamps, as long as it is known that the light beam (flux) may be close to the actual illumination, and the optical fiber lamp is always the image of the. Such as a living room and dining room lighting model, set a number of different ceiling lighting, you can observe several different lighting effects. The ceiling lights are also equipped with slot lights and table lamps, and they can also be used to observe the mood when they light up and turn off the lights. If the configuration of the episodic memory dimmer, changing the light can function slowly fade.

The lighting model to the customer to see, even if the model is completely different from the size of the space and furnishings, as a result of indoor lighting, but also to the customer's actual experience, customer communication with the light will have a huge effect.

Lighting model can effectively display the lighting atmosphere, but the handling model is very hard. As the main part of the model is made of styrene, it is very easy to break. Therefore, in order to just in case, it is necessary to carry out video processing. Lighting model design is also an important work, is to use their eyes to determine whether the lighting effect and the size of the design is consistent. Engage in residential lighting design, can be their own home as a laboratory, as long as there are a few lamps and some light bulbs can be carried out.

The research of the two, lighting mode

Lighting effect after the necessary visual image experiments, and then to achieve its lighting effect, the selection of lighting fixtures and the relationship between the lighting configuration. In residential lighting, it can be said that the overall lighting and local lighting.

The overall lighting mainly refers to the installation of lamps and lanterns on the ceiling with the interval configuration, so as to get the overall illumination. The lamp for the lamp; it also uses 1 to 2 lamps of large ceiling lamps so that the whole room is bright to get the overall lighting.

Local lighting refers to the lighting, reading, cooking, etc.. Lamps to be installed in a relatively close to the living part of the location, the use of lamps and chandeliers. Although there is a room as the main body of the overall lighting or local lighting as the main body of the room, the multi-purpose space should strive to use these lighting.

In addition, it can also be applied to residential lighting and environmental lighting. Kitchen, bathroom, living room, library, etc., when the tank lamp lighting and torch shaped lamp as illumination, to choose to get 3 to 10 times the work surface illumination lighting, as local lighting environment.

Lighting designers hope to be able to take the scene of the lighting effect as a material for photography. To take photos of the completion, it will create a brilliant and bright lighting space, just as bright sensitive customers, there is a brighter demand. In any case, the use of light and shade is easy to produce effective lighting, especially residential, for people living, can bring a good mood of the light environment, more than a seemingly good space is more important. This is not only to consider the overall lighting of the room, but also to consider many factors, such as residential living habits, so the overall lighting for the lighting design is the focus of the. As long as life does not change the lighting consciousness and bright attention to residential lighting design of bright one-sided to make a new start is very difficult.

Three, illuminance calculation

There are 2 kinds of calculation of illuminance calculation and accurate calculation. Suppose, for example, that the overall illumination of a residential building should be 100 LX, and that even a LX of 90 will not have a significant impact on life. However, if the road lighting, then the situation is different. If the road surface illuminance must be at 20 LX, if it is 18 LX, it is possible to cause frequent traffic accidents. The store is also the same, for example, the store's overall best illumination is 500 LX, due to the illumination of the use of 600 LX, so the number of lighting fixtures and electricity will increase, and have an impact on the economy.

No matter which kind of illuminance calculation is important. Although only a rough estimate, there will be 20% to 30% error.

In the calculation of the floor, desktop, countertops average illuminance can be carried out with the following basic formula: M2 (LX) = luminous flux (LM) / area (2)

That is an average of 1 (LX) of illumination, is a luminous flux of 1 (LM) irradiation on the area of 1 (M2).

In this way, the average illuminance of the floor of the room can be calculated in the case of the overall lighting fixture.

Average illuminance = 1 lamp luminous flux * * * * * * * * * * * maintenance coefficient * floor area

The lamp luminous flux because of lamp types are different, the lighting rate refers to the light from lighting emitted by how many percent to reach the floor and work table, so, design, and lighting installation height, room size and reflectivity of different lighting, rate of change. In addition, the maintenance factor refers to the use of lighting and light bulbs for the first year of use, brightness reduction; or because the room is dirty caused by the reduction of the coefficient of light. Residential lamps are mainly incandescent and fluorescent lamps, their maintenance coefficient of about 0.75 ~ 0.85. As long as the lighting rate is known, the average illuminance can be obtained with a simple formula.

Four, budget lighting costs

With lighting electricity customers are very concerned about the lighting budget. In the basic design stage, the number of lighting costs, even if the budget also want to know. Generally in the beginning of the design stage, the percentage of the total construction cost is used to calculate the cost of lighting, which is different from the content and scale of the building, as well as the national conditions of each country.

Lighting costs and additional installation costs, the initial cost of the wiring of the project called the cost of capital construction. Relative to the annual cost of capital construction, the replacement of labor costs, replacement costs, cleaning costs, repair costs and other additional costs after the completion of the maintenance fee. As the fluorescent lamp and HID lamp that can be used to buy 1 8 ~ 10 years, so 10 years of maintenance cost of basic construction fee must be high, this point should also be considered.

Five, reflect the specific image of the implementation of the design

After the completion of the basic design, the implementation of the design. According to different objects, the duration of more than 5 years of large-scale design is also. During this period, of course, the light bulb and the development of lighting technology, some of the basic design of the proposed content is necessary to change. However, because of the large number of designers involved in public buildings, such as the structure, equipment and other content, as well as the impact on the budget, so the large-scale changes can not be easily accepted. Therefore, the use of advanced light sources and lamps should be considered as far as possible during the basic design stage across the very long term. Therefore, in the process of building construction progress, with the increase in the size of the lighting object, should be in the appropriate period, the experimental results of the scene lighting. Experiments can be found on the drawings can not image performance problems. In order to avoid all kinds of contradictions and disputes after the event, although the lighting effect experiments need to spend