Five phenomena and harm analysis of light pollution in urban landscape lighting

Abstract: with China's rapid development of city lighting, lighting in the city to a large number of applications in high intensity discharge lamp, lighting power is more and more big, the light effect is more and more high, especially the city landscape lighting engineering construction has developed rapidly, the range of lighting object expansion, illumination method, lighting method more colorful lighting time, the city lighting has greatly improved based on the original function of lighting.

The results of the investigation and survey show that in the functional lighting and landscape lighting, in recent years, the completion of the urban lighting projects, the emergence of different degrees and the phenomenon of comparison. With the rapid development and improvement of urban lighting, it has a lot of positive significance, but also has a negative impact on urban lighting environment. Such as glare, light pollution, noise interference, color light, light emission, and make the sky bright astronomical observation ability etc.. "Urban light pollution" has been put forward in different fields and from different angles, and has become an important problem in the urban light environment.

Concept of urban night light pollution

Light pollution problem was first proposed in 1930s by the international astronomical community, they believe that light pollution is the city's outdoor lighting to the sky caused by the negative impact of astronomical observations. Later, the United Kingdom, the United States and other countries called "interference light", in Japan, known as "light damage".

At present, there is no clear definition of light pollution at home and abroad. Generally, refers to the effects of light pollution of the natural environment, the adverse impact on human life, work, rest and recreation, damage people observe the ability of objects, causing human discomfort and a variety of light damage human health. The light radiation, which is from ten nm to 1 mm, that is, ultraviolet radiation, visible light and infrared radiation, may be the source of light pollution under different conditions.

Generalized light pollution includes some things that may have a negative impact on people's visual environment and physical health, including the life of the common book paper, reflective wall paint and roadside color advertising light". In daily life, the common types of light pollution is caused by the reflection of the reflection of the pedestrian and driver, and the discomfort caused by the unreasonable lighting at night.

Compared with other environmental pollution, such as water, gas, sound, slag and so on, people's understanding of light pollution is relatively late. On 1970s, the international light pollution problem has attracted great attention, to carry out academic research, put forward some control indexes, such as the Australian scholars put a light interference on the control (light pollution) the photometric parameters including maximum vertical illuminance (Ev), light emission intensity (I), incremental limit (TI) and as the UK; in a restricted area of light pollution in different regions to control the ratio of the sky light irradiation (UWLR), and enter the illumination window (Ev), light intensity at useless direction (I), and construction (L) and other indicators show that the brightness.

In our country, the research in this area is not systematic enough, and we think that the light pollution of urban nightscape environment should be studied systematically.

The phenomenon of urban light pollution and the analysis of its causes

In our conventional thinking, each talking about environmental pollution will naturally think of water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution, solid waste pollution, these four categories of pollution. In fact, the harm of light pollution can not be ignored. Experts pointed out that this has long been overlooked sources of pollution may become a direct impact on human health in twenty-first Century, another environmental killer.

Phenomenon: the sky becomes bright

"The sky becomes bright", "the earth becomes bright" become the global problem of light environment.

Phenomenon two: vertical illuminance (brightness) increased

Night lighting to make the city vertical surface brightness greatly improved, the road did not do the construction of the surface illumination: 10 - 1 ~ 101lx, has been done on the surface of the floodlight illumination: 101 ~ 103lx. The International Commission on illumination (CIE) has a flood standard, but there are a lot of people. "Brightness comparison" to further increase the vertical illuminance.